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Life cycle assessment (LCA)
LCA is a standardised approach for assessing the environmental impacts associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment across its life cycle. Depending on the goal and scope, the LCA can focus on a part of the life cycle (cradle-to-gate) or include all the life cycle stages (cradle-to-grave).
- Cradle-to-gate: Refers to a partial life cycle assessment where all inputs (raw materials and energy) and outputs (emissions and wastes) are considered from the extraction of raw materials (cradle) to the product is ready to leave the factory (gate). The use and disposal/re-use phases of a product’s life cycle are not taken into account in cradle-to-gate.
- Cradle-to-grave: Refers to the full life cycle assessment, from the extraction of raw materials (cradle) to the transportation, manufacturing, use, and finally disposal or re-use of the product (grave). All inputs (raw materials and energy) and outputs (emissions and wastes) are considered for all the life cycle stages.
Environmental product declaration (EPD)
An EPD is a standardised, third-party verified and internationally recognised document which presents the performance of a product on global warming, acidification, resource depletion and other environmental metrics. The environmental impacts presented in an EPD are typically calculated using cradle-to-grave LCA.
Formica® Laminate Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) at formica.info
Formica® Laminate Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) at formica.info